The Chinese Society for the History of Science and Technology (CSHST) was established in October 1980， which is a milestone in the development of the cause of Chinese history of science. Based on the archives and related documents of the establishment of the society， this paper discusses the whole process of the establishment of the CSHST under the opportunities and challenges. The CSHST has extensive influence in the history of science and technology. It has completed the task of uniting the discipline of the history of science and technology， provided a platform for scholars to promote international academic exchanges， promoted the expansion of the field of discipline research， and formed an academic community with an organizational system， which is the continuous improvement of the scientific establishment of science and technology history.